Diagnosis:
1.
Define: Apnea, hypopnea, RDI, AHI, RERA, obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea and upper airway resistance syndrome.
2.
Describe the normal stages of sleep, normal ratios/duration of each stage and alterations seen in central and obstructive sleep apnea.
3.
What are the symptoms of adult sleep apnea? Tell us about the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the STOP-BANG questionnaire.
4.
What are the complications of untreated sleep apnea?
5.
Discuss physical exam findings in obstructive sleep apnea. What is a Mueller’s maneuver? What are the Malampati, Fujita and Friedman classification systems?
6.
What is the role of sleep endoscopy in the workup of OSA?
7.
Is there a role for imaging in work-up of obstructive sleep apnea?
8.
What is a polysomnogram and how is it performed? What are the polysomnogram findings in obstructive sleep apnea? What are the criteria for mild, moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea in adults?
9.
Is there a role for a home sleep study?
10.
What is a multiple sleep latency test?
Management:
11.
Provide us with a table of non-surgical treatment options for obstructive sleep apnea. Include pros, cons and efficacy of each? — give us data.
12.
Will surgical treatment of nasal obstruction improve obstructive sleep apnea?
13.
An otherwise healthy patient with a BMI of 25 and Friedman stage I cannot tolerate CPAP. He presents for surgical consultation. Discuss his options.
14.
An otherwise healthy patient with a BMI of 25 and Friedman stage III cannot tolerate CPAP. He presents for surgical consultation. Discuss his options.
15.
An otherwise healthy patient with a BMI of 36 and Friedman stage III cannot tolerate CPAP. He presents for surgical consultation. Discuss his options.
16.
Why are success rates for surgical treatment of OSA low? What is “multilevel” surgical treatment of OSA?
17.
Review the indications and role of radiofrequency ablation in sleep apnea.
18.
List UPPP complications and how to prevent them.
19.
Would you consider referring an obstructive sleep apnea patient without craniofacial deficiencies for maxillomandibular advancement?
20.
Drug-induced sleep endoscopy: what are the indications? Tell us about the VOTE classification.
21.
Discuss hypoglossal nerve stimulator: indications, brief description of procedure. Provide us with a synopsis of the STAR trial and subsequent studies.
22.
What is the proper peri-operative management of obstructive sleep apnea?
Reference(s):
Practice guidelines for the perioperative management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Management of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. (2014). Anesthesiology, 120(2), 268–286.
Snoring:
23.
Why does snoring occur?
24.
What are the non-surgical and surgical treatments for snoring? Will insurance cover any treatments? Provide effectiveness data.
25.
Compare the results of radiofrequency ablation of the palate with injection snoreplasty in the treatment of snoring.
26.
What are pillar implants? Any data on the effectiveness of this product?