Blepharoplasty

Discuss the anatomy of the upper and lower eyelids. What is Whitnall ligament? What is Lockwood’s ligament? What is Mueller’s muscle? Where are the fat pads?

What is blepharochalasia? Dermatochalasia?

What are the indications for a blepharoplasty?

Discuss the pre-operative evaluation of a patient for blepharoplasty.  What is the Schirmer test? What is the snap test?  Should you obtain an ophthalmology consultation?

Describe your pre-operative marking technique.

Reference(s):

Halvorson, E. G., Husni, N. R., Pandya, S. N., & Seckel, B. R. (2006). Optimal parameters for marking upper blepharoplasty incisions: a 10-year experience. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 56(5), 569–72; discussion 572.

Is there a role for lasers in blepharoplasties?

Reference(s):

Punthakee, X., Keller, G. S., Vose, J. G., & Stout, W. (2010). New technologies in aesthetic blepharoplasty and brow-lift surgery. Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS, 26(3), 260–265.

Blepharoplasty consideration in African Americans.

Reference(s):

Odunze, M., Rosenberg, D. S., & Few, J. W. (2008). Periorbital aging and ethnic considerations: a focus on the lateral canthal complex. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 121(3), 1002–1008.

What forms the supratarsal fold? How does this apply to the Asian eyelid?

Describe the procedure to westernize the Asian lid.

Reference(s):

Chen, W. P.-D., & Park, J. D. J. (2013). Asian upper lid blepharoplasty: an update on indications and technique. Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS, 29(1), 26–31.

How do you manage a prolapsed lacrimal gland?

Reference(s):

Friedhofer, H., Orel, M., Saito, F. L., Alves, H. R. N., & Ferreira, M. C. (2009). Lacrimal gland prolapse: management during aesthetic blepharoplasty: review of the literature and case reports. Aesthetic Plast Surg, 33(4): 647-53.

What can you do about crow’s feet?

Lower blepharoplasty surgery-transconjunctival vs. subcilliary approach.  What is the skin-muscle flap procedure?

When should you do lower lid shortening/tightening procedures?

Reference(s):

Chong, K. K.-L., & Goldberg, R. A. (2010). Lateral canthal surgery. Facial Plastic Surgery : FPS, 26(3), 193–200.

How do you avoid the inferior oblique muscle in lower lid bleph? What are the symptoms if you injure it?

Reference(s):

Mowlavi, A., Neumeister, M. W., & Wilhelmi, B. J. (2002). Lower blepharoplasty using bony anatomical landmarks to identify and avoid injury to the inferior oblique muscle. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 110(5), 1314–1318.

Anatomic variations of the infraorbital fat compartment.

Give us a table of possible blepharoplasty complications. How would you treat each?

Reference(s):

Lelli, G. J. J., & Lisman, R. D. (2010). Blepharoplasty complications. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 125(3), 1007–1017.

Current techniques of entropion and ectropion correction.

Reference(s):

Eliasoph, I. (2005). Current techniques of entropion and ectropion correction. Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 38(5), 903–919.