1.
List etiologies of CSF rhinorrhea.
2.
List etiologies of CSF otorrhea.
3.
What laboratory tests can determine if fluid is CSF?
4.
Describe radiologic tests that can localize a CSF leak.
5.
Would you use antibiotics in a patient with a CSF leak?
6.
Discuss the medical management of CSF leaks.
7.
A patient presents with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea. On nasal endoscopy you notice a soft tissue mass medial to the middle turbinate. How would work up this patient? What is the differential diagnosis?
8.
Discuss the use of intrathecal fluorescein, include risks, effectiveness in locating leak.
Reference(s):
Keerl, R., Weber, R. K., Draf, W., Wienke, A., & Schaefer, S. D. (2004). Use of sodium fluorescein solution for detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistulas: an analysis of 420 administrations and reported complications in Europe and the United States. The Laryngoscope, 114(2), 266–272.
9.
Describe the endoscopic repair of an anterior skull base defect/CSF leak. What grafting and packing materials would you use? Does size matter?
10.
How would you approach a CSF leak secondary to a defect in the lateral sphenoid sinus?
11.
What is the efficacy of endoscopic repair of CSF leak?
Reference(s):
Senior, B. A., Jafri, K., & Benninger, M. (2001). Safety and efficacy of endoscopic repair of CSF leaks and encephaloceles: a survey of the members of the American Rhinologic Society. American Journal of Rhinology, 15(1), 21–25.