Read the following publication: Allis, T. J., & Leopold, D. A. (2012). Smell and taste disorders. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, 20(1), 93–111.
Taste:
1.
Describe the basic physiology of gustation.
2.
What are the different types of taste receptors, their location, and which kinds of tastes are each responsible for? Discuss gustatory testing.
3.
What is the differential diagnosis for dysgeusia and ageusia?
4.
What is the impact of unilateral/bilateral chorda tympani lesions? What is the most common otologic surgery resulting in chorda tympani injury?
5.
What therapeutic interventions exist in the management of persistent dysgeusia?
6.
What is burning mouth syndrome? How is it treated?
Smell:
7.
Describe the basic physiology of olfaction.
8.
What is the mechanism by which individual odorants chemicals are encoded as distinct? What is the vomernasal organ?
9.
Discuss olfactory testing. What is the UPSIT and how do you interpret the scoring? What is the alcohol sniff test? Any tips on how to identify a malingering patient.
10.
Define and describe the terms parosmia and phantosmia. What are the underlying conditions and how are they managed?
11.
What is the differential diagnosis of anosmia?
12.
What are some common medications that affect taste and smell?
13.
How does septoplasty and turbinate reduction influence olfaction?
Reference(s):
Briner, H. R., Simmen, D., & Jones, N. (2003). Impaired sense of smell in patients with nasal surgery. Clinical Otolaryngology and Allied Sciences, 28(5), 417–419.
14.
What are the different types of mechanisms of olfactory loss from sinonasal surgery?
15.
Are oral steroids effective in the treatment of anomsia (for either conductive or sensorineural etiologies)?
16.
What is the link between olfactory loss and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer and Parkinson disease?
Reference(s):
Rahayel S, Frasnelli J, Joubert S. (2012) The effect of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease on olfaction: a meta-analysis. Behav Brain Res.,16;231(1), 60-74.
Stamps J.J., Bartoshuk L.M., Heilman K.M. (2013). A brief olfactory test for Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurol Sci, 15:333, 19-24.
17.
How does chronic renal failure affect olfactory function? Any other medical conditions that interfere with chemosensory function?
Reference(s):
Koseoglu S, Derin S, Huddam B, Sahan M. (2017). The effect of non-diabetic chronic renal failure on olfactory function. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. S1879-7296(16), 30211-3.
18.
What happens to taste and smell senses after total laryngectomy?
Reference(s):
Moor, J. W., Rafferty, A., & Sood, S. (2010). Can laryngectomees smell? Considerations regarding olfactory rehabilitation following total laryngectomy. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 124(4), 361–365.