Pediatric Neck Masses

List congenital neck masses by their location in the neck.

Describe the course of second, third, and 4th arch anomalies with specific relation to pertinent neurovascular structures.

Discuss the embryologic development and typical presentation of thyroglossal duct cysts.

Describe preoperative workup and considerations for thyroglossal duct cysts, treatment and success rates.

Give the differential diagnosis and treatment for inflammatory/infectious pediatric neck masses.

What are pilomatrixoma and how are they treated?

Discuss the role of FNA in pediatric neck masses.

Review pseudotumor of infancy and congenital muscular torticollis.

Reference(s):

Wei, J. L., Schwartz, K. M., Weaver, A. L., & Orvidas, L. J. (2001). Pseudotumor of infancy and congenital muscular torticollis: 170 cases. The Laryngoscope, 111(4 Pt 1), 688–695.

Discuss the presentation and treatment of cervicofacial nontuberculous mycobacterial adenitis.

Reference(s):

McClay, J. E., & Garcia, C. (2013). Management of cervicofacial nontuberculous lymphadenitis in children. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, 21(6), 581–587.

Discuss the embryology and physical findings of 1st arch branchial cleft anomalies- type I and II.

Reference(s):

Shinn, J. R., Purcell, P. L., Horn, D. L., Sie, K. C. Y., & Manning, S. C. (2015). First branchial cleft anomalies: otologic manifestations and treatment outcomes. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 152(3), 506–512.

Review pediatric salivary gland masses.

Reference(s):

Orvidas, L. J., Kasperbauer, J. L., Lewis, J. E., Olsen, K. D., & Lesnick, T. G. (2000). Pediatric parotid masses. Archives of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 126(2), 177–184.

Discuss rhabdomyosarcoma with respect to its’ pathologic and clinical grading. What are the current treatment recommendations for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma?

Reference(s):

Reilly, B. K., Kim, A., Pena, M. T., Dong, T. A., Rossi, C., Murnick, J. G., & Choi, S. S. (2015). Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck in children: review and update. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 79(9), 1477–1483.

Discuss imaging modalities for pediatric neck abscesses.

Reference(s):

Collins, B., Stoner, J. A., & Digoy, G. P. (2014). Benefits of ultrasound vs. computed tomography in the diagnosis of pediatric lateral neck abscesses. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 78(3), 423–426.

How do thyroid masses in children differ from thyroid masses in adults?

Reference(s):

Givens, D. J., Buchmann, L. O., Agarwal, A. M., Grimmer, J. F., & Hunt, J. P. (2014). BRAF V600E does not predict aggressive features of pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma. The Laryngoscope, 124(9), E389-93.

Discuss different treatment options for branchial cleft cyst.

Reference(s):

Chen, J., Chen, W., Zhang, J., He, F., Zhu, Z., Tang, S., & Wang, Y. (2014). Endoscope-assisted second branchial cleft cyst resection via an incision along skin line on lateral neck. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, 271(10), 2789–2793.

Discuss ways to decrease recurrence rates in thyroglossal duct cyst.

Reference(s):

Maddalozzo, J., Alderfer, J., & Modi, V. (2010). Posterior hyoid space as related to excision of the thyroglossal duct cyst. The Laryngoscope, 120(9), 1773–1778.